Laos CIA Factbook

A Comprehensive Overview of Laos

Geography and Demographics

Nestled in Southeast Asia, Laos is a landlocked country bordered by Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, and Myanmar. Spanning over 236,800 square kilometers, Laos boasts a diverse landscape ranging from mountainous regions to lush river valleys.

With a population of approximately 7.2 million, Laos is home to a diverse ethnic makeup, including the majority Lao Loum people, as well as various hill tribes. Buddhism is the predominant religion, practiced by over 60% of the population.

History and Politics

Laos has a rich and complex history, dating back to the Funan and Chenla kingdoms. In the 14th century, the Kingdom of Lan Xang emerged, reaching its peak in the 16th century. However, the kingdom declined in the following centuries, falling under Siamese and Vietnamese influence.

In 1949, Laos gained independence from France and became a constitutional monarchy. However, the country faced political turmoil and civil war throughout the mid-20th century. In 1975, the Pathet Lao, a communist movement, seized power and established the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Economy and Infrastructure

Laos has a developing economy, with a GDP of approximately $18.8 billion in 2021. Agriculture remains a significant sector, employing over 70% of the workforce. Key agricultural products include rice, coffee, and sugarcane.

Laos is also rich in mineral resources, including copper, gold, and zinc. Hydropower is a major source of energy, with several hydropower plants generating electricity for domestic use and export. However, Laos faces challenges in developing its infrastructure, including limited roads and access to electricity.

Culture and Tourism

Laos is renowned for its vibrant culture and ancient traditions. The Lao people are known for their hospitality and respect for nature. The country is home to numerous Buddhist temples and monasteries, including the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Luang Prabang and Vat Phou.

Tourism is a growing sector in Laos, with visitors drawn to the country's natural beauty, cultural heritage, and adventure opportunities. Popular tourist destinations include the Mekong River, the limestone caves of Vieng Xay, and the Si Phan Don ("Four Thousand Islands").